An itchy scalp can be annoying, distracting and even embarrassing — especially when dandruff is falling from your head.
Your scalp might be itchy for many reasons, and figuring out the cause is the first step toward finding relief. Fortunately, many common causes of scalp itch are manageable with simple treatments.
With the help of Banner Health dermatologist Trevor Thompson, MD, we’ll share the common reasons for an itchy scalp, what you can do about it and how to prevent it from happening again.
Common reasons for an itchy scalp
1. Dandruff (AKA seborrheic dermatitis)
Have you noticed an abundance of hair flakes on your clothes or when you look closely at your hairline in the mirror? You could have seborrheic dermatitis, the most common cause of scalp itch and dandruff.
“Seborrheic dermatitis can be triggered by many factors, including cold or dry climates, stress, illness or changes in skincare routine,” Dr. Thompson said. “While some individuals have more of the tendency for seborrheic dermatitis, treatments and addressing possible triggers often help to attain improved control of the symptoms.”
What to do: If your scalp itch is due to dandruff, try an anti-dandruff shampoo.
“Consider shampoos that contain one of the following ingredients: selenium sulfide, zinc pyrithione, salicylic acid, ketoconazole or coal tar,” Dr. Thompson said. “Selenium sulfide shampoos are often a good starting point.”
These ingredients help reduce the yeast and oil that contribute to dandruff.
2. Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that causes the body to produce skin cells too quickly. When these cells build up, they form thick, scaly patches that can be itchy and uncomfortable.
Psoriasis can affect many parts of the body, including your scalp. It can also cause flaking that looks like dandruff.
What to do: If you suspect scalp psoriasis, see your health care provider or a dermatologist to receive a treatment plan tailored to your needs.
“To treat scalp psoriasis, your provider may prescribe a topical agent, often a topical corticosteroid, to reduce inflammation, itching and flaking,” Dr. Thompson said. “Additionally, anti-dandruff shampoos and over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription shampoos may help. Other treatments may be used for more severe cases.”
3. Contact dermatitis
Contact dermatitis occurs when your skin reacts to something it touches, like a new shampoo, hair dye or styling product. Even products you’ve used before can cause an allergic reaction.
“You can develop allergies to products you’ve tolerated in the past, or companies may change product ingredients over time without a dramatic appearance change in the packaging,” Dr. Thompson said.
What to do: “Try to determine if any activity triggered the itch,” Dr. Thompson said. “Stop using any new products or the product you suspect is causing the problem.
Switching to a hypoallergenic shampoo may help. If the itching continues or worsens, see your provider or dermatologist to test for allergies.
4. Scalp ringworm (AKA tinea capitis)
A fungal infection on the scalp, such as ringworm, can also cause intense itching. This type of infection often shows up as red, scaly patches and can lead to hair loss in some areas.
What to do: If you suspect a fungal infection, you should see your provider. Antifungal medications, such as shampoo or oral medication, are typically given to clear the infection.
5. Head lice (AKA pediculosis capitis)
Head lice ranks high among parents’ worst nightmares. Lice are small insects that live on the scalp and feed on your blood (gross!). They’re commonly found on children but can affect adults too.
Lice can cause intense itching, and you might also see small white eggs (nits) stuck to the hair shafts.
What to do: “OTC lice treatments can be effective but may require more than one treatment,” Dr. Thompson said. “A fine-tooth comb can help remove nits from the hair.”
If OTC products don’t work, you might need a prescription treatment from your provider.
6. Stress
“Believe it or not, even stress can also contribute to scalp itch,” Dr. Thompson said. Stress can make your skin more sensitive, including the skin on your scalp. Stress can make existing skin conditions worse, too.
What to do: Managing stress with activities like yoga, meditation or regular exercise can help reduce the urge to scratch. In some cases, therapy and counseling may be helpful if stress is a significant issue in your life.
When to see your health care provider
While most cases of an itchy scalp are treatable with OTC remedies, there are situations where it’s best to see your provider or a dermatologist.
“See a doctor if you are encountering increased inflammation (redness), scarring, severe or persistent itch or other symptoms along with the itch,” Dr. Thompson said. “These could be signs of a more serious condition that requires medical attention.”
Preventing an itchy scalp
Preventing scalp itch is often about taking good care of your scalp and avoiding common irritants. Here are some steps you can take to keep your scalp healthy and itch-free:
- Use the right shampoo: Make sure you use a shampoo that fits your scalp’s needs. If you have dandruff, use an antidandruff shampoo regularly. If you have a sensitive scalp, use a gentle, hypoallergenic shampoo.
- Don’t over-wash or under-wash: Find a balance with your shampoo routine. Washing too often can dry out your scalp, while not washing enough can lead to oil and product buildup that causes itch.
- Be mindful of hair products: Pay attention to how your scalp reacts to hair products like dyes, gels and sprays. If you notice itching after using a product, stop using it. You might be allergic or sensitive to an ingredient.
- Avoid scratching: Scratching your scalp might feel good at the moment, but it can worsen the itch. “While scratching may be a reflexive response, it can irritate the skin and nerve fibers, contributing to more itch,” Dr. Thompson said.
- Keep stress in check: Practice stress-reducing activities like meditation, exercise or breathing exercises.
- Watch for product changes: Hair product formulas can change without obvious packaging changes. If you notice new scalp irritation, it’s worth checking to see if the ingredients have changed.
Takeaway
An itchy scalp can be frustrating, but understanding the cause is the first step to relief. See your health care provider or a Banner Health specialist if OTC remedies don't do the trick.
